Medical terms - Letter D (page 11) | MedicalVocabulary.org

Disease, new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Abbreviated nvCJD. A human disease thought due to the same infectious agent as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease. Both the human and bovine disorders are invariably fatal brain diseases with…
Disease, Niemann-Pick

See: Niemann-Pick disease
Disease, Norwalk

Disease due to Norwalk virus, not one but a family of small round viruses that are an important cause of viral gastroenteritis (viral inflammation of the stomach and intestines). Norwalk disease is a significant…
Disease, occupational

A disease due to a factor in a person's occupation. For example, lung disease in miners. Occupational medicine was founded by the Italian physician Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714). His De Morbis Artificium (On…
Disease, Osgood-Schlatter

Disease, Osgood-Schlatter: A condition involving inflammation and sometimes tearing of ligaments within the knee and lower leg. Treatment is by rest, casting if necessary, and sometimes surgery. Osgood-Schlatter disease…
Disease, Osler-Rendu-Weber

See: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Disease, Paget

See: Paget disease
Disease, Parkinson

A slowly progressive neurologic disease characterized by a fixed inexpressive face, a tremor at rest, slowing of voluntary movements, a gait with short accelerating steps, peculiar posture and muscle weakness, caused by…
Disease, Parry's

Toxic multinodular goiter, a condition in which the thyroid gland contains multiple lumps (nodules) that are overactive and produce excess thyroid hormones. This condition is also known as Plummer's disease
Disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher

See: Polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Disease, pelvic inflammatory (PID)

Despite its seeming lack of gender, this term is applied to women only. PID refers exclusively to ascending infection of the female upper genital tract (the female structures above the cervix). PID is the most common…
Disease, phytanic acid storage

See Refsum disease
Disease, Pick

Disease, Pick: A form of dementia characterized by a slowly progressive deterioration of social skills and changes in personality leading to impairment of intellect, memory, and language. Dementia can be defined as a…
Disease, Plummer's

Toxic multinodular goiter, a condition in which the thyroid gland contains multiple lumps (nodules) that are overactive and produce excess thyroid hormones. This condition is also known as Parry's disease
Disease, polycystic kidney

See Polycystic kidney disease
Disease, polycystic ovarian

Scrub typhus, a mite-borne infectious disease caused by a microorganism, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, characteristically with fever, headache, a raised (macular) rash, swollen glands (lymphadenopathy) and a dark crusted…
Disease, polycystic ovary

See: Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Disease, polygenic

See Polygenic disease
Disease, pulseless

See: Takayasu disease
Disease, Quincke's

This is angioneurotic edema (or angioedema), a form of localized swelling of the deeper layers of the skin and fatty tissues beneath the skin. Hereditary angioneurotic edema (or hereditary angioedema) is a genetic form…
Disease, Ramsay Hunt

See: Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Disease, Raynaud

A condition resulting in skin discoloration of the fingers and/or toes when a person is exposed to changes in temperature (cold or hot) or to emotional events. This condition can occur alone or as a part of another…
Disease, Refsum

See Refsum disease
Disease, Rendu-Osler-Weber

See: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Disease, rheumatic heart

Heart damage caused by rheumatic fever. Treatment is by preventing reinfection with strep and by treating with heart drugs as needed
Disease, Ritter

This is the scalded skin syndrome, a potentially serious side effect of infection with the Staph (Staphylococcus) bacteria that produces a specific protein which loosens the 'cement' holding the various layers of the…
Disease, rotator cuff

Damage to the rotator cuff, a group of four tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and move the shoulder in various directions. A common cause of shoulder pain, rotator cuff disease can be due to trauma (e.g., from…
Disease, rotavirus

Rotavirus:A leading cause of severe winter diarrhea in young children. Each year, rotavirus (RV) causes an estimated 500,000 doctor visits and 50,000 hospital admissions in the United States. Almost every child catches…
Disease, sickle cell

A genetic blood disease due to the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin, namely hemoglobin S. Hemoglobin is the molecule in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the farthest reaches of the…
Disease, single gene

See Single gene disease
Disease, sixth

A viral disease of infants and young children with sudden onset of high fever which lasts several days and then suddenly subsides leaving in its wake a fine red rash. The causative agent is herpesvirus type 6 so the…
Disease, sleeping

See: Sleeping disease
Disease, startle

A genetic disorder also known as hyperexplexia in which babies have an exaggerated startle reflex (reaction). This disorder was not recognized until 1962 when it was described by Drs. Kok and Bruyn as a disease with the…
Disease, Stein-Leventhal

>Irregular or no periods >Acne >Obesity, and >Excess hair growth. All women with PCO have irregular or no menses. Women with PCO do not ovulate (do not release an egg every month). Women with PCO are at a higher risk…
Disease, Still

See: Arthritis, systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid
Disease, subclinical

An illness that stays below the surface of clinical detection. A subclinical disease has no recognizable clinical findings. It is distinct from a clinical disease, which has signs and symptoms that can be recognized…
Disease, Takayasu

See: Takayasu disease
Disease, Tay-Sachs

Diseases related to obesity: Obesity increases the risk of developing a large number of diseases. These include: Type 2 (adult-onset) diabetes, High blood pressure (hypertension), Stroke (cerebrovascular accident or…
Disease, Tsutsugamushi

Scrub typhus, a mite-borne infectious disease caused by a microorganism, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, characteristically with fever, headache, a raised (macular) rash, swollen glands (lymphadenopathy) and a dark crusted…
Disease, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Abbreviated vCJD. A human disease thought due to the same infectious agent as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease. Both the human and bovine disorders are invariably fatal brain diseases with…
Disease, von Recklinghausen

Neurofibromatosis type 1
Disease, Vrolik's

Osteogenesis imperfecta type II, an inherited connective tissue disorder with very severe bone fragility, the lethal form of 'brittle bone disease.' It is a recessive trait with males and females affected. Two copies of…
Disease, Werner-His

Named for the German physician Heinrich Werner (who did not describe Werner's premature aging syndrome) and the Swiss physician Wilhelm His, Jr. (who did describe the bundle of His in the heart), this is a louse-borne…
Disease, Whipple

See: Whipple disease
Disease, Whitmore's

An infectious illness, also called melioidosis, that is most frequent in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia and is caused by a bacteria called 'Pseudomonas pseudomallei' found in soil, rice paddies and stagnant…
Disease, Wilson

An inherited disorder in which too much copper accumulates in the body. Although the accumulation of copper begins at birth, symptoms of the disorder appear later in life, between the ages of 6 and 40. A diagnostic…
Disease-free survival

See: Multiple sclerosis.
Diseases related to obesity

Obesity increases the risk of developing a large number of diseases. These include: > >Type 2 (adult-onset) diabetes >High blood pressure (hypertension) >Stroke (cerebrovascular accident or CVA) >Heart attack…
Diseases, Infectious, Nat'l Inst of Allergy &

Allergy and (NIAID): This is one of the National Institutes of Health in the U.S. In formal terms, the mission of the NIAID is 'to support and conduct research and research training (that) strives to understand, treat…
Diseases, inherited metabolic

Also called inborn errors of metabolism, these are heritable (genetic) disorders of biochemistry. Examples include albinism, cystinuria (a cause of kidney stones), phenylketonuria (PKU), and some forms of gout, sun…