Medical terms - Letter E (page 11) | MedicalVocabulary.org

Esophageal cancer with tylosis

See: Tylosis with esophageal cancer
Esophageal reflux

A condition wherein stomach contents regurgitate or back up (reflux) into the esophagus (a long cylindrical tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach). The food in the stomach is partially digested by…
Esophageal speech

Speech produced with air trapped in the esophagus and forced out again. People with a laryngectomy (for example, for laryngeal cancer) may be taught to produce esophageal speech
Esophageal stricture, acute

A narrowing or closure of the normal opening of the swallowing tube leading to the stomach, usually caused by scarring from acid irritation. Acute, complete obstruction of the esophagus occurs when food (usually meat)…
Esophageal stricture, chronic

A longstanding narrowing or closure of the normal opening of the swallowing tube leading to the stomach, usually caused by scarring by acid irritation. Narrowing of the esophagus. A common complication of chronic…
Esophageal ulcer

A hole in the lining of the esophagus corroded by the acidic digestive juices secreted by the stomach cells. Ulcer formation is related to H. pyloridus bacteria in the stomach, anti-inflammatory medications, and smoking…
Esophagectomy

An operation to remove a portion of the esophagus
Esophagitis

Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophagus. The esophagus is that soft tube-like portion of the digestive tract connecting the pharynx with the stomach.
Esophagogastric tamponade

A procedure in which a balloon is inflated within the esophagus and stomach to apply pressure on bleeding blood vessels, compress the vessels, and stop the bleeding. Used in the treatment of bleeding veins in the…
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: Also known as EGD or upper endoscopy. A procedure that enables the examiner (usually a gastroenterologist) to examine the esophagus (the swallowing tube), stomach, and duodenum (the first…
Esophagoscopy

Examination of the esophagus using a thin, lighted instrument
Esophagram

A series of x-rays of the esophagus. The x-ray pictures are taken after the patient drinks a solution that coats and outlines the walls of the esophagus. Also called a barium swallow
Esophagus

The tube that connects the pharynx (throat) with the stomach. The esophagus lies between the trachea (windpipe) and the spine. It passes down the neck, pierces the diaphragm just to the left of the midline, and joins…
Esophagus cancer

See: Esophageal cancer
Esotropia

Cross-eyed or, in medical terms, convergent or internal strabismus
ESR

Abbreviation for erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a blood test that detects and monitors inflammation in the body. It measures the rate at which red blood cells (RBCs) in a test tube separate from blood serum over time…
ESRD

End-stage renal disease
Essential

1. Something that cannot be done without.2. Required in the diet, because the body cannot make it. As in an essential amino acid or an essential fatty acid. 3. Idiopathic. As in essential hypertension. 'Essential' is a…
Essential fatty acid

An unsaturated fatty acid that is essential to human health, but cannot be manufactured in the body. There are three types of essential fatty acids (EFAs): arachnoidic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. When…
Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia

Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia: A condition in which cryoglobulin proteins which are a mixture of various antibody types form for unknown (essential) reasons. Cryoglobulins are abnormal blood proteins that, by…
Essential oil

An oil derived from a natural substance, usually either for its healing properties or as a perfume. Some pharmaceuticals, and many over-the-counter or 'holistic' remedies, are based on or contain essential oils…
Essential tremor

Uncontrollable shaking (tremor) of the hands and head and sometimes other parts of the body. Essential tremor is the most common of all movement disorders and is estimated to affect 3 to 4 million people in the US. In…
Essential vulvodynia

A chronic, diffuse, unremitting sensation of burning of the vulva -- (the female external genital organs including the labia, clitoris, and entrance to the vagina)-- a painful sensation which may extend to the perineum…
EST (expressed sequence tag)

A unique stretch of DNA within a coding region of a gene that is useful for identifying full-length genes and serves as a landmark for mapping. An EST is a sequence tagged site (STS) derived from cDNA. An STS is a short…
Estimated date of confinement (EDC)

The due date or estimated calendar date when a baby will be born
Estrogen

Estrogen is a female hormone produced by the ovaries. Estrogen deficiency can lead to osteoporosis. Estrogen therapy preparations include: > >esterified estrogens >esterified estrogens and methyltestosterone >estradiol…
Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT)

Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is used to treat menopause. It reduces or stops the short-term changes of menopause such as hot flashes, disturbed sleep, and vaginal dryness. ERT can prevent osteoporosis, a…
Estrogen, designer

See: Designer estrogen
Estrogen-associated blood clots

>esterified estrogens >esterified estrogens and methyltestosterone >estradiol >estrogens (conjugated) and medroxyprogesterone >estrogens conjugated The brand names of the estrogen therapy preparations carrying this risk…
Estrogen-associated hypercoagulability

>esterified estrogens >esterified estrogens and methyltestosterone >estradiol >estrogens (conjugated) and medroxyprogesterone >estrogens conjugated The brand names of the estrogen therapy preparations carrying this risk…
Estrogen/progestin therapy

Abbreviated EPT. A combination of the hormones estrogen and progestin. Taken by women, the estrogen in the EPT relieves such symptoms of menopause as hot flashes, night sweats, sleeplessness, and vaginal dryness. When…
Estrogens

Female hormones produced by the ovaries. Estrogen deficiency can lead to osteoporosis. Estrogen therapy preparations include: > >esterified estrogens >esterified estrogens and methyltestosterone >estradiol >estrogens…
ESWL

Street name for alpha-ethyltryptamine.
ET

Street name for alpha-ethyltryptamine
Ethmoid

1. As an adjective: spongy or sievelike. From the Greek ethmos, sieve + eidos, resemblance = like a sieve. 2. As a noun; short for the ethmoid bone, a spongy bone that serves as the front floor of the skull and the roof…
Ethmoid bone

An irregularly shaped, spongy bone that provides the floor of the front part of the skull and the roof of the nose. The ethmoid bone consists of two masses of thin plates enclosing air cells and looks like a sieve
Ethmoid sinus

A collection of air cells within the ethmoid bone, a spongy bone which makes up the front of the floor of the skull and the roof of the nose. From the Greek ethmos, sieve + eidos, resemblance = like a sieve
Ethnography

The study of specific human cultures. The branch of anthropology that deals with the scientific description of human cultures. Ethnography sprang from social anthropology and first focused on small communities that…
Ethyl acrylate

A substance used in making latex paints and textiles. The US government removed ethyl acrylate from its list of potential cancer-causing agents in 2000. Although ethyl acrylate induces tumors in animals, it only does so…
Ethylene glycol poisoning

Poisoning from ethylene glycol (a clear, colorless, odorless liquid with a sweet taste) that can produce dramatic and dangerous toxicity. Ethylene glycol is found most commonly in antifreeze, automotive cooling systems…
Ethylene oxide

A chemical widely used in the health care industry to sterilize medical devices and also used to make other chemicals. In the year 2000 the US government upgraded ethylene oxide to the status of a 'known human…
Etiology

The study of the causes. For example, of a disorder. The word 'etiology' is mainly used in medicine, where it is the science that deals with the causes or origin of disease, the factors which produce or predispose…
ETM1

A gene for essential tremor, uncontrollable shaking of the hands and head and sometimes other parts of the body. The ETM1 gene (also called FET1) was mapped in 1997 to chromosome region 3q13 in a study of Icelandic…
ETM2

A gene for essential tremor, uncontrollable shaking of the hands and head and sometimes other parts of the body. The ETM2 gene was mapped to chromosome region 2p25-p22 in a study of a large American family of Czech…
ETS

Environmental tobacco smoke. Smoke generated from the sidestream (the burning end) of a cigarette, pipe or cigar and the exhaled mainstream smoke (the smoke that is puffed out by smokers) of cigarettes, pipes, and…
Etymology, medical

See: Medical etymology
Eugenics

Literally, meaning normal genes, eugenics aims to improve the genetic constitution of the human species by selective breeding. The use of Albert Einstein's sperm to conceive a child (by artificial insemination) would…
Eukaryote

An organism that consists of one or more cells each of which has a nucleus and other well-developed intracellular compartments. Eukaryotes include all organisms except bacteria, viruses, and certain (blue-green) algae…
Eukaryotic

Pertaining to eukaryotes
Euphenics

Literally meaning 'normal appearing,' euphenics aims to improve the outcome of a genetic disease by altering the environment. An illustration: children born with the genetic disease phenylketonuria (PKU) can avoid the…