Medical terms - Letter G (page 5) | MedicalVocabulary.org

Genome, rice

The first commercially important plant to have its genome sequenced. This feat, completed early in 2001, is particularly important because rice is a staple food for a large portion of the population of the world. With…
Genome, roundworm

See: Yeast genome.
Genome, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The genome of the bacterium that causes cholera. This genome contains over 4 million bases in its DNA including the sequences for nearly 4,000 genes. The Vibrio cholerae genome is remarkable in that it is arranged in…
Genome, Vibrio cholerae

The genome of the bacterium that causes cholera. This genome contains over 4 million bases in its DNA including the sequences for nearly 4,000 genes. The Vibrio cholerae genome is remarkable in that it is arranged in…
Genome, yeast

See: Yeast genome
Genome, Yersinia pestis

See: Plague bacterium genome
Genomic

>A chromosomal genome which is in the nucleus of the cell; and >A mitochondrial genome which is outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm of the cell. Together these two genomes make up the total genome. The study of a…
Genomic imprinting

The phenomenon of parent-of-origin gene expression. The expression of a gene depends upon the parent who passed on the gene. For instance, two different disorders - Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome -- are due…
Genomic library

A collection of clones made from a set of randomly generated overlapping DNA fragments representing the entire genome of an organism. As a molecular genetic sequel to John Steinbeck's 'Of Mice and Men', today you can…
Genomic segment

A region of the genome; it encompasses objects described as loci or probes. Genomic segments can range in size from points to regions as large as an entire chromosome. There are many types of genomic regions. On a…
Genomics

The study of genes and their function. Genomics aims to understand the structure of the genome, including the mapping genes and sequencing the DNA. Genomics examines the molecular mechanisms and the interplay of genetic…
Genomics, structural

The study of the proteome, the three-dimensional structures of all of the proteins produced by a species. In the Human Genome Project, the sequence of all the DNA in our genome was largely deciphered. Structural…
Genoplasty

A technology that uses the repair mechanisms normally present in cells to repair gene defects. In genoplasty, a short oligonucleotide fragment is introduced into the cell to simulate a normal DNA sequence and this…
Genotoxin

A poisonous substance which damages DNA. A genotoxin can cause mutations in DNA (and so be a mutagen), it can trigger cancer (and so be a carcinogen), or it can cause a birth defect (and so be a teratogen). From geno-…
Genotype

The genetic constitution (the genome) of a cell, an individual or an organism. The genotype is distinct from its expressed features, or phenotype. The genotype of a person is her or his genetic makeup. It can pertain to…
Genu

The Latin word for the knee. When the knee is referred to in medicine, it is just called the knee. However, the word 'genu' is also used in medicine as in: genu recurvatum (hyperextension of the knee), genu valgum…
Geography, medical

See: Medical geography
George W. Thorn

See: Thorn, George W.
Gephyrophobia

An abnormal and persistent fear of crossing bridges. Sufferers of this phobia experience undue anxiety even though they realize their fear is irrational. Their fear may result partly from the fear of enclosure…
Gerascophobia

An abnormal and persistent fear of growing old. Sufferers of this fear experience undue anxiety about aging even though they may be in good health--physically, economically and otherwise. They may worry about the loss…
GERD

Stands for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, a disorder in which there is recurrent return of stomach contents back up into the esophagus, frequently causing heartburn, a symptom of irritation of the esophagus by stomach…
GERD surgery (fundoplication)

A surgical technique that strengthens the barrier to acid reflux when the lower esophageal sphincter does not work normally and there is gastro-esophageal reflux. Fundoplication has been the standard surgical method for…
Geriatric medicine

The branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease in older people and the problems specific to aging. Also called geriatrics. From the Greek 'geron' meaning 'old man' + 'iatreia'…
Geriatrics

The branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease in older people and the problems specific to aging. From the Greek 'geron' meaning 'old man' + 'iatreia' meaning 'the treatment of…
Germ

1. A cell or group of cells (called a primordium) capable of developing into an organ, a part or an organism in its entirety. Eggs and sperm are germ cells.2. A pathogenic a microorganism. A microbe capable of causing…
Germ cell

The eggs and sperm are the germ cells: the reproductive cells. Each mature germ cell is haploid in that it has a single set of 23 chromosomes containing half the usual amount of DNA and half the usual number of genes…
Germ cell tumor

A tumor that arise from a germ cell. These tumors may arise within the gonads -- the ovary and testis. Most testicular tumors are, in fact, germ cell tumors. Germ cell tumors also occur in sites outside the gonads…
Germ line

1. The sequence of cells which develop into eggs and sperm. 2. Inherited material that comes from the eggs or sperm and is passed on to offspring
German disease

Syphilis. Depending upon someone's thoughts as to where the disease came from, syphilis was also known as the French, Italian, Spanish and Polish disease
German measles (historical note)

In 1941 N. M. Gregg, an Australian ophthalmologist, recognized that infection of the mother with German measles (rubella) during early pregnancy could malform an embryo and cause a characteristic syndrome of congenital…
German measles immunization

The standard MMR vaccine is given to prevent measles, mumps and rubella (German measles). The MMR vaccine is now given in two dosages. The first should be given at 12-15 months of age. The second vaccination should be…
German measles vaccine

A vaccine designed to prevent rubella, or German measles. German measles was once seen merely as a child's unpleasant rite of passage. It was thought to be a mild malady that was usually over and done in three days. So…
Germanium

A nonessential trace element that has caused nephrotoxicity (kidney injury) and death when used chronically by humans, even at recommended levels of use. The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (the FDA) warns that…
Germinoma

A type of germ cell tumor.
Germline mutation

Mutation: A heritable change in the DNA that occurred in a germ cell (a cell destined to become an egg or in the sperm) or the zygote (the conceptus) at the single-cell stage. When transmitted to a child, a germline…
Gerstmann-Straussler disease

See: Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome
Gerstmann-Straussler disease

See: Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome
Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome

See: Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome
Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome

See: Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease

See: Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease

See: Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome

A rare familial form of progressive dementia inherited in an autosomal dominant manner due to a mutant prion gene on chromosome 20pter-p12. Abbreviated GSS. Degeneration of the nervous system usually starts in the…
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome

See: Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome
Gertie F. Marx

See: Marx, Gertie F.
Gesell Developmental Schedules

A measure of child development devised by the American child psychologist and pediatrician Arnold Gesell (1880-1961) who founded the Clinic of Child Development at Yale in 1911 and directed it for many years. There he…
Gestalt therapy

A psychotherapeutic concept that stresses understanding mental processes as holistic entities (gestalts) rather than as discrete steps. Gestalt therapy often uses group therapy techniques to help patients gain this type…
Gestation

Period of time from conception to birth
Gestation period

The period of development of the young from the time of conception until birth. For humans the full gestation period is normally 9 months. The word 'gestation' comes from the Latin 'gestare' meaning 'to carry or to…
Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes: See: Diabetes, gestational.
Gestational hypertension

See: Hypertension, gestational