Medical terms - Letter T (page 13) | MedicalVocabulary.org

Translation

To go from RNA to protein, translation is needed. Translation is the process by which the genetic code carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) directs the production of proteins from amino acids.
Translocation 11 childhood leukemia

A new type of childhood leukemia in which a piece of chromosome 11 has been translocated (broken off and attached itself to another chromosome). Children with this type of leukemia have a particularly poor prognosis…
Translocation, reciprocal

A type of chromosome rearrangement involving the exchange of chromosome segments between two chromosomes that do not belong to the same pair of chromosomes. A specific reciprocal translocation might, for example…
Translocation, Robertsonian

A relatively very common and medically significant type of chromosome rearrangement that is formed by fusion of the whole long arms of two acrocentric chromosomes (chromosomes with the centromere near the very end). One…
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

One of a number of progressive neurodegenerative disorders in animals and humans caused by similar uncharacterized agents that produce spongiform changes in the brain. Specific examples of transmissible spongiform…
Transmission distortion

Distortion in the transmission of genes or chromosomes to the offspring, resulting in a significant difference from the Mendelian predictions. As a rule, the chance for a given gene or chromosome to be transmitted to a…
Transmission, perinatal

Transmission of a disease-causing agent (a pathogen) from mother to baby during the perinatal period, the period immediately before and after birth. The perinatal period is defined in diverse ways. Depending on the…
Transmission, vertical

Transmission of a disease-causing agent (a pathogen) vertically from mother directly to baby during the perinatal period, the period immediately before and after birth. The perinatal period is defined in diverse ways…
Transmyocardial laser revascularization

A procedure by which a physician uses a laser to make holes in the heart to relieve the pain of severe angina. Transmyocardial laser revascularization has been done from both the outside and inside of the heart. When…
Transplant

The grafting of a tissue from one place to another, just as in botany a bud from one plant might be grafted onto the stem of another. The transplanting of tissue can be from one part of the patient to another…
Transplant, bone marrow

See: Bone marrow transplant
Transplant, corneal

See: Corneal transplant
Transplant, hand and forearm

Transplantation of the hand and the forearm from one person (a deceased donor) to another (the recipient). In the first hand transplant, performed in Ecuador in 1964, the donor hand was rejected after two weeks. The…
Transplant, heart

See: Heart transplant
Transplant, kidney

See: Kidney transplant
Transplant, liver

See: Liver transplant
Transplant, lung

The first lung transplant was done by the American surgeon James Hardy (1918-) in 1964.
Transplant, renal

Replacement of a diseased, damaged, or missing kidney with a donor kidney. Also called a kidney transplant. Patients with end-stage renal failure are candidates for transplantation. A successful transplant frees the…
Transplantation genetics

The field of biology and medicine relating to the genes that govern the acceptance or rejection of a transplant. The most important genes deciding the fate of a transplanted cell, tissue, or organ belong to what is…
Transplantation, cross-species

A new technique in which stem cells are obtained from a patient's blood and used in bone marrow transplantation. Stem cells are small, round cells with a squat nucleus and scant surrounding cytoplasm. Although…
Transplantation, peripheral blood stem cell

A new technique in which stem cells are obtained from a patient's blood and used in bone marrow transplantation. Stem cells are small, round cells with a squat nucleus and scant surrounding cytoplasm. Although…
Transport defect

Within the body, many molecules are able to pass across the membranes that surround cells. These molecules can accomplish this feat due to specific transport systems. These systems include special receptors on the…
Transport disease, cystine

Commonly known as cystinuria, this is an inherited (genetic) disorder of the transport of an amino acid (a building block of protein) called cystine. The result is an excess of cystine in the urine (cystinuria) and the…
Transporter gene

The ability of genes to change position on chromosomes, a process in which a transposable element is removed from one site and inserted into a second site in the DNA. Genetic transposition was the first type of genetic…
Transposition, genetics

The ability of genes to change position on chromosomes, a process in which a transposable element is removed from one site and inserted into a second site in the DNA. Genetic transposition was the first type of genetic…
Transposon

A short mobile DNA sequence that can replicate and of which copies can be inserted at random sites within chromosomes. A transposon has almost identical sequences at each end and inverted repeat sequences (that run in…
Transsexual

A person who desires or has achieved transsexualism. See transsexualism
Transsexualism

A consistently strong desire to change one's anatomical gender. Some transsexuals were misassigned gender at birth (for example, being anatomically male but raised as female), either on purpose or due to ambiguous…
Transthyretin

A plasma protein consisting of 127 amino acids that binds retinol and thyroxine. The gene TTR that encodes transthyretin is in chromosome region 18q11.2-q12.1. Many distinct forms of amyloidosis have been related to…
Transudate

A fluid that passes through a membrane which filters out much of the protein and cellular elements to yield a watery solution. A transudate is due to increased pressure in the veins and capillaries pressure forcing…
Transurethral resection

Surgery performed with a special instrument inserted through the urethra. Also called TUR
Transvaginal ultrasound

A technique in which sound waves are sent out by an ultrasound probe that has been inserted in the vagina. The waves go through the vaginal wall and bounce off the ovaries, and a computer uses the ultrasound echoes to…
Transverse

A fracture in which the break is across the bone, at a right angle to the long axis of the bone.
Transverse fracture

A fracture in which the break is across the bone, at a right angle to the long axis of the bone. NTER>
Transverse myelitis

A disease of the spinal cord in which there is demyelination (erosion of the myelin sheath that normally protects nerve fibers). The onset of the disorder is typically sudden. Symptoms include back pain followed by…
Transvestism

Dressing in the clothing of the opposite sex. Transvestism is distinct from both transsexualism and homosexuality. In psychiatry, it can be considered a paraphilia. Also known as cross-dressing.
Transvestite

A person who dresses in the clothing of the opposite sex, i.e., a person who cross-dresses
Transvestitism

Transvestitism, or transvestic fetishism, refers to the practice by heterosexual males of dressing in female clothes to produce or enhance sexual arousal. The sexual arousal usually does not involve a real partner, but…
Trauma

Any injury, whether physically or emotionally inflicted. 'Trauma' has both a medical and a psychiatric definition. Medically, 'trauma' refers to a serious or critical bodily injury, wound, or shock. This definition is…
Trauma center

A specialized facility in a hospital that is designed to provide diagnostic and treatment services for trauma patients with physical injuries. Traumatology is the branch of surgery which deals with trauma patients…
Traumatic alopecia

Hair loss caused by injury to the scalp. Traumatic alopecia is usually caused by grooming methods that attempt to straighten the natural kinkiness of hair in order to make the hair more manageable. It is a result of…
Traumatic brain injury

Brain damage from trauma. The three leading causes of death from traumatic brain injury relate to firearms, motor vehicles and falls. The leading causes of death differ by age group. Motor vehicles are the leading cause…
Traumatology

The branch of surgery that deals with trauma patients and their injuries. Patients who have suffered significant physical trauma, as from a car accident, may be cared for in a trauma center, a specialized hospital…
Travel medicine

Travel medicine: A branch of medicine that specializes in diseases and conditions that are acquired during travel. Travelers to different countries should be aware of the potential for acquiring diseases and injury…
Travel-related disease

A disease to which travelers are susceptible specifically because of their travel. Travel-related diseases are the purview of travel medicine. Travel medicine is not really new but it began to flourish in the 1980's…
Traveler's diarrhea

Traveler's diarrhea: Diarrhea that results from infections acquired while traveling to another country. Among the causes of traveler's diarrhea are enterotoxigenic E. coli and a variety of viruses.
Treacle

A medicinal compound once in wide use as an antidote to poisons. Treacle was a kind of salve. It was reputed to be a remedy against venomous bites in particular and against poisons in general. It also came to be…
Treadmill

A machine with a moving strip on which one walks without moving forward. A treadmill was originally a wide wheel turned by the weight of people climbing on steps around its edge, used in the past to provide power for…
Treadmill test

A test (sometimes called the exercise treadmill test or exercise test) in which a continuous electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) recording of the heart is made as the patient performs increasing levels of exercise on the…
Treadmill, exercise

Exercise on a treadmill, a machine with a moving strip on which one walks without moving forward. A treadmill was originally a wide wheel turned by the weight of people climbing on steps around its edge, used in the…