Fisher's exact test
A statistical test of independence much used in medical research.
It tests the independence of rows and columns in a 2 X 2 contingency table (with 2 horizontal rows crossing 2 vertical columns creating 4 places for data) based on the exact sampling distribution of the observed frequencies.
Hence it is an 'exact' test.
Devised by the British geneticist and biostatistician R.
A.
Fisher (1890-1962).