Placenta

A temporary organ joining the mother and fetus, the placenta transfers oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus, and permits the release of carbon dioxide and waste products from the fetus.

It is roughly disk-shaped, and at full term measures about seven inches in diameter and a bit less than two inches thick.

The upper surface of the placenta is smooth, while the under surface is rough.

The placenta is rich in blood vessels.

The placenta is expelled during the birth process with the fetal membranes; together, these structures form the afterbirth.