Spondylolisthesis

Forward movement of one of the building blocks (vertebrae) of the spine in relation to an adjacent vertebra.

Spondylolisthesis differs in children and adults.

In children it is usually of the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) over the body of the sacrum (S1) due to a congenital malformation of the spine while in adults it is usually of the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4) over the fifth (L5) and is commonly caused by degenerative disease such as osteoarthritis.

Spondylolisthesis can also be due to stress fracture (common in gymnasts), traumatic fracture, and bone disease.

Symptoms and signs can include lordosis (swayback), pain in the lower back, thighs and buttocks, stiffness, muscle tightness, and tenderness in the slipped area.

Pressure on nerve roots may cause changes in sensation and pain radiating down the legs.

Diagnosis is by X-ray of the lower spine.

Most patients with mild spondylolisthesis benefit from strengthening and stretching exercises.

In very severe cases, the slipping vertebra can be surgically fused.

Also called a slipped vertebra or slipped spine.